predicate calculus

from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.

• noun The branch of symbolic logic that deals with relations between propositions and with their internal structure, especially the relation between subject and predicate.

from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.

• noun logic The branch of logic that deals with quantified statements such as "there exists an x such that..." or "for any x, it is the case that...", where x is a member of the domain of discourse.

from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.

• noun a system of symbolic logic that represents individuals and predicates and quantification over individuals (as well as the relations between propositions)